Updates of Nanotheranostics in Cancer Management: Review

Abstract

During the last decade, the use of nanotherapy as an emerging diagnostic and therapeutic tool for various diseases, especially cancer, has received much attention. So far, several approaches have been used to develop smart nanotherapies, which combine bioactive targeting to specific tissues and diagnostic properties. Nanotherapy can deliver therapeutic agents while simultaneously monitoring therapeutic response in real time. Therefore, the possibility of overdose or underdosing is reduced. Various non-invasive imaging techniques have been used to quantitatively monitor  drug delivery processes. Radiolabelling of nanomaterials is widely used as a powerful diagnostic approach in nuclear medicine imaging. In fact, various radiolabelled nanomaterials have been designed and developed for imaging tumors and other lesions due to their effective characteristics. Inorganic nanoparticles, such as nanoparticles of gold, silver, silica  or organic nanoparticles such as Polymers,  liposomes, carbon-based nanomaterials have been described as multifunctional nanotheranostics. In this review,  imaging modalities are summarized based on their use in different diseases, providing specific details on radiolabelling. In addition, the most common nanotheranosics classified by the nanomaterials used  are also summarized. In conclusion, this review can be useful to the medical and pharmaceutical society, as well as material scientists working in the field of nanotheranostics, because they can use this research as a guide to produce newer and more effective nanotheranostics.