Protective role of Polyphenols (Anthocyanin, Gallic acid) and Blackberry Juice against Acrylamide Reproductive toxicity in Male Rats

Alaa F. M. Ibrahim, Lamia M Hafez, Amenh B. Yousif

Abstract


Background: Acrylamide (ACR) is carcinogenic to humans; it is capable of inducing genotoxic, carcinogenic, developmental, and reproductive effects in animals. Blackberries rank highly among fruits with strong antioxidant activities, it is highly concentrated in a vast amount of phytochemicals, most of which are phenolic compounds.
Aim of the study: this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of Blackberry juice (BBJ) as a natural source of polyphenols and either anthocyanin or gallic acid against the harmful effect of acrylamide on reproductive system in male rats. Methods: Male albino rats (n=50) averaging 180±5g BW were classified into five equal groups (G; n=10/G). G1 served as untreated control (negative control); G2 (positive control) rats were orally given acrylamide at 50mg/kg BW; G3 rats were given anthocyanin (5mg/kg BW) plus 50 mg/kg BW acrylamide; G4 rats were given 3μg/kg Gallic acid plus 50 mg/kg acrylamide and G5 animals were given 50 mg/kg BW acrylamide plus 1.6 g/kg BW of BBJ. Rats were administered their respective doses orally on daily basis for eight weeks. Results: Number of sperms, percent motility and plasma testosterone were significantly decreased in acrylamide group, but number of abnormal sperms was significantly increased than in control rats. ACR significantly increased levels of TBARS and NO in testes tissue than control, but it caused significant decreases in the activities of GSH, SOD and TAC in testes tissue than control. ACR also caused significant increase of cytokines (p53, TNF, IL6) than control. Involvement of polyphenols (Anthocyanin, Gallic) along with acrylamide caused improvement in the reproductive functions. Inclusion of blackberry caused significant increases in the number of sperm, motility and plasma testosterone, but decreased number of abnormal sperm compared with anthocyanin and Gallic. Polyphenols (anthocyanin, gallic) and blackberry significantly decreased TBARS, NO and cytokines (p53, TNF and IL6); whereas it increased activities of GSH, SOD and TAC than acrylamide-intoxicated rats. Testicular histological study revealed that ACR showed the maximum affection, but polyphenols and blackberry minimized the deleterious effects of ACR. Conclusion: We can conclude that blackberry juice, as a natural source of antioxidant and other nutrients, can alleviate the toxic effects of ACR and enhance the antioxidant defense mechanisms to protect reproductive function surpassing the use of polyphenols (Anthocyanin, Gallic).


Keywords


Acrylamide, Blackberry, polyphenols, reproductive traits, rats.

Full Text:

PDF

References


- Mottram DS, Wedzicha BL, Dodson AT. Acrylamide is formed in the Maillard reaction. Nature. 2002; 419:448-449

- Stadler RH, Blank I, Varga N. Acrylamide from Maillard reaction products. Nature. 2002; 419: 449-450.

- Carere A. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of acrylamide: a critical review. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanita`.2006; 42: 144-155.

- Ghanayem BI, Witt KL, Hadri EL, Hoffler U, Kissling GE, et al. Comparison of germ cell mutagenicity in male CYP2E1-null and wild-type mice treated with acrylamide: evidence supporting a glycidamide-mediated effect. Biology of Reproduction. 2005; 72: 157-163.

- Rice JM. Carcinogenicity of acrylamide. Mutat Res. 2005; 580: 3-20.

- Wilson KM, B¨alter K, Adami HO, Gr¨onberg H, Vikstr¨om AC, Paulsson B, et al. Acrylamide exposure measured by food frequency questionnaire and hemoglobin adduct levels and prostate cancer risk in the cancer of the prostate in Sweden study. Int J Cancer. 2009; 124: 2384-2390.

- Wilson KM, Mucci LA, Rosner BA, Willett WC. A prospective study on dietary acrylamide intake and the risk for breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010; 19: 2503-2515.

- Rodr´ıguez-Ramiro, S. Ramos, L. Bravo, L. Goya, and M. A. Mart´ın, “Procyanidin B2 and a cocoa polyphenolic extract inhibit acrylamide-induced apoptosis in human Caco-2 cells by preventing oxidative stress and activation of JNK pathway,” Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2011; 22 (12):1186–1194.

- J. Cao, Y. Liu, L. Jia et al., “Curcumin attenuates acrylamideinduced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells by ROS scavenging,” Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry. 2008;56(24): 12059–12063.

- X. Zhang, L. Jiang, C. Geng, H. Yoshimura, and L. Zhong, “Inhibition of acrylamide genotoxicity in human liver-derivednHepG2 cells by the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol,” Chemico- Biological Interactions. 2008;176(2-3):173–178.

- S. N. Prasad, “Evidence of acrylamide induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster: its amelioration with spice active enrichment: relevance to neuropathy,” Neuro- Toxicology. 2012;33(5):1254–1264.

- Seeram NP. Berry fruits for cancer prevention: Current status and future prospects. J. Agric. Food Chem 2008; 56:630–635.

- Boivin D, Blanchette M, Barrette S, Moghrabi A, Beliveau R. Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and suppression of TNF-induced activation of NFκB by edible berry juice. Anticancer Res. 2007; 27:937–948.

- Duthie SJ. Berry phytochemicals, genomic stability and cancer: Evidence for chemoprotection at several stages in the carcinogenic process. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2007; 51:665–674.

- Gonzalez E, Vaillant F, Perez A, Rojas G. In vitro-cell-mediated antioxidant protection of human erythrocytes by some common tropical fruits. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2012; 2:139.

- Huang WY, Zhang HC, Liu WX, Li CY. Survey of antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry in Nanjing. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. B (Biomed., Biotechnol.). 2012; 13:94–102.

- El-Sebeay AS, Kishk AM, Abuzreda AA. The ability of Blackberry juice compared to anthocyanin and gallic acid to reduce the harmful effects of acrylamide in rats' kidneys. JHIPH. 2020;50(1):32-38.

- Acosta-Montoya O, Vaillant F, Cozzano S, Mertz C, Perez AM, Castro MV. Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichus Schltdl.) during three edible maturity stages. Food Chem. 2010; 119:1497–1501.

- Mertz C, Cheynier V, Gunata Z, Brat P. Analysis of phenolic compounds in two blackberry species (Rubus glaucus and Rubus adenotrichos) by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007; 55:8616– 8624.

- Tavares, L. et al. Neuroprotective effects of digested polyphenols from wild blackberry species. Eur J Nutr.2013; 52: 225–236.

- Kaume, L., Gilbert, W. C., Brownmiller, C., Howard, L. R. & Devareddy, L. Cyanidin 3-O-β -D-glucoside-rich blackberries modulate hepatic gene expression, and anti-obesity effects in ovariectomized rats. J Funct Foods.2012; 4:480–488.

- Rossi, A. et al. Protective effects of anthocyanins from blackberry in a rat model of acute lung inflammation. Free Radic Res.2003; 37: 891–900.

- Cerd J, B., Espيn, J. C., Parra, S., Martيnez, P. & Tomلs-Barberلn, F. A. The potent in vitro antioxidant ellagitannins from pomegranate juice are metabolised into bioavailable but poor antioxidant hydroxy–6H–dibenzopyran–6–one derivatives by the colonic microflora of healthy humans. Eur J Nutr.2004; 43: 205–220.

- Sautebin, L., Rossi, A., Serraino, I., Dugo, P., Di Paola, R., Mondello, L., Genovese, T., Britti, D., Peli, A., Dugo, G., Caputi, A. andCuzzocrea, S. Effect of anthocyanins contained in a blackberry extract on the circulatory failure and multiple organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin in the rat. Planta Med.2004;70(8):745-752.

- Sarikurkcu,C.et al. Studies on the antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of Vitexagnuscastus L. fruits from Turkey. Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.2009;47(10: 2479-83.

- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)-Acrylamide, 1994.

- National Institutes of Health (NIH). Guidelines for rodent transportation (12/09/15) and for Survival Bleeding of Mice and Rats (08/12/15).NIH-ARAC Guidelines [online] 2005. Jan 12. Available from: http://www.oacu.od.nih.gov/ARAC/Bleeding. [Accessed on 2010 Mar 09].

- Rothmann SA, Bort AM, Quigley J, Pillow R. Sperm morphology classification: a rational method for schemes adopted by the world health organization. In: Carrell DT, Aston KI, eds. Spermatogenesis: Methods and Protocols Methods. Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London: Humana Press. 2013; 927: 27–37.

- Harding SM, Velotta JP. Comparing the relative amount of testosterone required to restore sexual arousal, motivation, and performance in male rats. Hormones and Behavior. 2011; 59 (5):666–73.

- Mishra, H.P. and Fridovich, I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. Journal of Biological chemistry.1972;247(10):3170-3175.

- Beutler, E., Duron, O. and Kelly, B.M. An improved method for the detection of blood glutathione.J. Lab. Clin. Med.1963; 61: 882–888.

- Tappel, A.L., Zalkin, H., 1959. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria by vitamin E. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.1959; 80: 333–336.

- Koracevic, D., Koracevic, G., Djordjevic, V., Andrejevic, S. and Cosic, V. Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. Journal of clinical pathology.2001; 54(5): 356-361.

- Montgomery, H. and Dymock, J.F., 1961. Determination of nitrite in water. Analyst.1961;86 (102): 414.

- Chan K, Lowe J. Techniques in neuropathology. In Bancroft JD, Gamble M, eds.Theory and practice of histological techniques. (5th ed., chapter18).New York, Edinburgh, London, Madrid, Melbourne,San Francisco, Tokyo: Churchill Livingstone; 2002:374–5.

- SAS. Statistical Analysis System, User’s Guide: Statistics. 2003; version 9.1Edition SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC, 27513, UAS.

- Wang, S.Y., Chen, H., Camp, M.J. & Ehlenfeldt, M.K. Genotype and growing season influence blueberry antioxidant capacity and other quality attributes. International Journal of Food Science and Technology.2012;47:1540–1549.

- Casati, C.B., Sanchez, V., Baeza, R., Magnani, N., Evelson, P. &Zamora, M.C. (2012). Relationships between colour parameters,phenolic content and sensory changes of processed blueberry,elderberry and blackcurrant commercial juices. International Journal of Food Science and Technology.2012;47:1728–1736.

- Caspersen, S., Svensson, B., Hakansson, T., Winter, C., Khalil, S. Asp, H. Blueberry-soil interactions from an organic per-spective. Scientia Horticulturae.2016;208:78–91.

- Silva, S., Costa, E.M., Coelho, M.C., Morais, R.M. & Pintado,M.E. Variation of anthocyanins and other major phenolic compounds throughout the ripening of four Portuguese blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosumL.) cultivars. Natural Product Research.2016;31:1–6.

- Yang HJ, and Lee SH, Jin Y, Choi JH, et al. Genotoxicity and toxicological effects of acrylamide on reproductive system in male rats. Journal of veterinary science.2005;6: 103-109.

- Tyl RW, Marr MC, Myers CB, Ross WP, Friedman M. A. Relationship between acrylamide reproductive and neurotoxicity in male rats. Reprod Toxicol .2000; 14: 147-157.

- Pourentezari, M.; Talebi, A.; Abbasi, A.; Khalili, M.A.; Mangoli, E. and Anvari, M. Effects of acrylamide on sperm parameters, chromatin quality, and the level of blood testosterone in mice. Iran J Reprod Med.2014;12 (5): 335-342.

- Ma,Y., Shi J, Zheng M., Liu1 J., Tian S., He X., Zhang D., Li G, and Zhu J. Toxicological effects of acrylamide on the reproductive system of weaning male rats. Toxicology and Industrial Health.2011;27(7):617–627.

- Zenick H and Clegg ED. Assessment of the male reproductive toxicity: A risk assessment approach. In: Hayes Aw (ed.) Principles and methods of toxicology.2nd ed. New York: Raven Press.1989: 275.

- Tyl RW and Friedman MA. Effects of acrylamide on rodent reproductive performance. Reproductive Toxicology.2003;17: 1-13.

- Hamza RZ. Protective Role of Black Berry Juice Against Hepatotoxcity and Reproductive Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos in Male Rats, Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia.2013;10(2):961-971.

- Liu, C.M., Ma, J.Q. & Yao, L. Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse kidney against d-galactose-induced oxidative DNA damage. Food and Chemical Toxicology.2010a;48:2809– 2817.

- Liu, C.M., Ma, J.Q. & Sun, Y.Z. Puerarin protects the rat liver against oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis induced by lead. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology.2010b;64:575–582.

- Xuenan Li, Huangyou Liu, Lingzhu Lv, Haiyang Yan & Yuan Yuan. Antioxidant activity of blueberry anthocyanin extracts and their protective effects against acrylamide-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells . International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018, 53, 147–155.

- Mengyao Z, Fu Sheng LW, Xiaosong H, Fang C, Hing M C. Acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in primary astrocytes and microglia: Roles of the Nrf2-ARE and NF-κB pathways. Food and chemical toxicology.2017;106:25-35.

- Hassan HA. Yousef MI. Mitigating effects of antioxidant properties of blackberry juice on sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology.2009; 47(9):2332-2337.

- AL Karim S., El Assouli S.,Ali S.,Ayuob N. and Al Assouli Z. Effects of low dose acrylamide on the rat reproductive organs structure, fertility and gene integrity, Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 2015; 4(3): 179–187




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v23.2.2338

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Alaa F. M. Ibrahim, Lamia M Hafez, Amenh B. Yousif

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.