Diagnosis, classification and cytopenic complications of acute leukemias seen in JRA University Hospital hematology laboratory

Marie Osé Michael Harioly Nirina, Andry Toky Rakotoarivo, Anjaramalala Sitraka Rasolonjatovo, Andrindrantosoa Rasamoelina, Aimée Olivat Rakoto Alson, Andry Rasamindrakotroka

Abstract


Abstract

Introduction: Acute leukemias (AL) are a group of hematologic disorders characterized by malignant clonal bone marrow precursors proliferation blocked on stage of differentiation known as "blasts". Our aims were to describe diagnosis, classification and cytopenic complications of AL.

Methods: We performed a descriptive retrospective study of patients who performed a myelogram at Hematology Laboratory of Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (JRA) Antananarivo University Hospital. Diagnosis of AL was made when percentage of blood or bone marrow blasts greater than 20%. For classification, we used cytological and cytochemical criteria of the FAB group.Results: 714 myelograms were performed, hematological malignancies had 16.8% of cases (120/714). Of the 120 cases of hematological malignancies, 72.5% (86/120) were AL. Patients with leukemia were 2 ½ months and 79 years old with an average of 28 years. Children under 15 years old were most affected (45.3%; 38/86)

According to FAB classification, acute myeloid leukemia type 1 (AML1) accounted for 31.6% (18/578) of cases. ALL2 was represented at 84.6% (22/26) of ALLs. Regarding abnormalities of hemogram, thrombocytopenia, anemia and leukopenia were found respectively in 94.2%, 86% and 20.9% of cases.

Conclusion: ALs are rare pathologies. They affect all ages with a higher frequency in children under 15 years old. Myeloid types are more common. Cytopenias and clinical syndromes should not be neglected as they can be life-threatening.


Keywords


acute leukemia, hemogram, myelogram, FAB, cytopenia.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Maynadie M, Troussard X. Epidemiology of acute leukemias. / data / reviews / 1773035X / v2015i471 / S1773035X1530071X / [Internet]. August 4, 2015 [cited Oct 22, 2019]; Available at: https://www.em-consult.com/en/article/968285

Rakotomanga NM, Hasiniatsy NR, Rajaonarison PJ, et al. Eight months of oncology practice at the Soavinandriana Hospital Medical Rev Madag 32 288-93, 3 (2): 288-93.

Baruchel A. Impact of biology in the characterization, understanding and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Arch Pediatrics. May 1, 2003; 10: s102-5.

Roy P, Coleman MP. [Epidemiology of acute lymphoid leukemia]. Rev Epidemiol Public Health. 1992; 40 (5): 323-34.

Jmili NB, Aziz ABA, Nagara M, Mahjoub T, Ghannem H, Mondher K. Epidemiological and cytological profile of acute leukemias: About 193 cases collected at the Tunisian center. Rev Fr Lab. Jan 1, 2005; 2005 (369): 23-8.

Ratei R, Schabath R, Karawajew L, Zimmermann M, Möricke A, Schrappe M, et al. Lineage classification of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to the EGIL recommendations: results of the ALL-BFM 2000 trial. Klin Padiatr. May 2013; 225 Suppl 1: S34-39.

Cell Hematology Laboratory of Angers University Hospital [Internet]. [cited 22 Oct 2019]. Available on: http://www.hematocell.fr/index.php/clear-lematology-history/62-cell-lematology-history-the-primary-hematological-diseases/pathology-lymphoid/108-leucemies -aigues-lymphoblastic

Ekouya Bowassa G, Okouango Ova D-D, Ngolet L, Okoko A-R, Elira-Dokekias A. Acute leukemia of the child in Brazzaville. Arch Pediatrics. 2012; 19 (10): 1123-4.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v17.1.1383

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Marie Osé Michael HARIOLY NIRINA, Andry Toky Rakotoarivo, Anjaramalala Sitraka Rasolonjatovo, Andrindrantosoa Rasamoelina, Aimée Olivat Rakoto Alson, Andry Rasamindrakotroka

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.