Étude Conceptuelle D’un Système Intégré De Contrôle Et De Gestion De La Vitesse, Du Tonnage Et De La Position Des Véhicules Poids Lourds Sur La Route Nationale N°1 Tronçon Kinshasa – Matadi En République Démocratique Du Congo

Abstract

Road freight transport is a strategic component of mobility and trade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. On the Kinshasa-Matadi corridor, overloading and speeding by heavy vehicles are major causes of accelerated pavement deterioration and road accidents.

However, the simultaneous monitoring of speed, transported load and vehicle position remains a technical and organizational challenge.

This study proposes a conceptual architecture for an integrated monitoring and management system based on the Internet of Things, embedded systems, GPS positioning and mobile communications. The architecture combines a speed sensor, load cells with an HX711 module, a NEO-6M GPS receiver, an ESP32 microcontroller, GSM/4G communication, a central server, a database, and mobile and web interfaces.

Acquired data are filtered, time-stamped, compared with configurable thresholds and transmitted remotely. Overspeed and overload conditions can therefore generate real-time alerts and be stored for further analysis.

The methodology is based on a literature review, functional requirements analysis and system architecture design. Expected outcomes include improved monitoring, movement traceability, real-time data availability and decision support. The proposed architecture provides a basis for developing and experimentally validating a prototype adapted to the technical, energy and connectivity constraints of the DRC.