Prevalence Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With Different Illnesses In Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Didam Jonathan Glory, Theophilus K. C. Udeani, Ugwu Perpetua Nkemdilim, Anolaba Cordelia Ifeyinwa

Abstract


Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-induced strain of S. aureus due to its fast acquisition of drug-resistant genes which has given rise to the emergence and spread of drug mediated S. aureus infections that are difficult to treat in the healthcare settings leading to prolonged hospitalization, delayed cure rate, and high mortality rates. The adverse effect of MRSA infection has not been fully elucidated, due to paucity of data on adverse complication of MRSA among hospitalized patients in Adamawa state, hence this study. This study evaluates the prevalence, and risk factors of MRSA strains in Adamawa state, Nigeria. A total of 339 clinical samples were collected from patients with long-term hospitalization in various hospitals spread across the state. The study adopted a cross-sectional design that involved consecutive sampling method that enrolled patients with different ailments that had multiple episodes of diseases due to long term hospitalizations. The samples were processed bacteriologically and MRSA isolated were confirmed with ChromAgar MRSA.The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and significant level was taken at p ≤ 0.05. The prevalence rate of MRSA, MSSA and CONSA isolated were 25.96% (88/339) and 8.6% (29/339) and 12.1% (41/339) respectively. The highest number of isolates obtained was from Yola-South LGA with 17.4%.  It was observed that MRSA infections increases as the age of the patients increases with highest prevalence rate of 5.6% among those of 51+ year old. The risk factor that was statistically significant was residential area (p = 0.031) as those that lived in slum areas were five, seven, five and sixteen times more likely to acquire MRSA than those of rural, high density, semi-urban and low-density areas respectively. MRSA were observed to be high among those with non-diabetic foot ulcer, bone fractures and blood-borne infections with a prevalence rates of 5.6% (19/339), 3.5% (12/339) and 2.95% (10/339) respectively. In conclusion, the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotics induced strains, MRSA is prevalent in Adamawa state and this increases the disease pathological burdens. Continuous education and infection control interventions are highly recommended.


Keywords


Methicillin Resistant, Staphylococcus, Aureus, Infections, Hospitalized, Patients ,Illnesses.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v55.1.7691

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