Assessment of a Formulation of Locally Available Organic Recycling Materials from Indigenous Trichoderma sp. from West Sumatra, Indonesia for Suppressing Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) Symptoms at Cocoa Plants in the Field

Wulan Komala Sari, Periadnadi Periadnadi, Nurmiati Nurmiati

Abstract


The cocoa industry, a promising commodity in tropical regions, is experiencing a decline in production in West Sumatra, Indonesia, due to plant diseases such as vascular streak dieback. This disease can persist for years within the vascular system, causing damage to the xylem tissue and resulting in declining cocoa yields. For numerous developing countries, the most realistic strategy to attain integrated pest management and unlock maximum crop yield potential involves intensifying initiatives aimed at swiftly restoring the land to its former productivity levels by traditionally utilizing various kinds of organic materials locally available to support the farmer's employed organic recycling practices in plant disease control. The use of indigenous Trichoderma species from West Sumatra involving a locally available organic recycling approach was evaluated in this study to reveal the effectiveness of several methods that are antagonistic to Ceratobasidium theobromae as the cause of VSD. The study was conducted in the field and was conducted in accordance with a completely randomized design. This study demonstrated that indigenous Trichoderma strains, which were isolated and propagated using locally available organic materials, are viable and suitable for future biocontrol. The organic substrates used in this study, including rice, crushed corn, and rice bran, exhibited spore densities of 20.41 x 109, 12,36x109, and 10,85x109 spores/mL, respectively. The indigenous Trichoderma with organic formulations, accessible to farmers through techniques such as biopore infiltration and root infusion, yielded the most substantial decrease in vascular streak dieback (VSD) intensity, showing reductions of 18% and 14%, respectively, after 3 months of application. In comparison, samples treated solely with fungicide displayed a reduction of 17.6%. Importantly, combining bioformulations of indigenous Trichoderma with chemical fungicides significantly suppressed the intensity of VSDs by 13%. The current study demonstrated that the application of indigenous Trichoderma species formulated with locally available organic materials is effective in managing vascular streak dieback (VSD) in cocoa plants. Furthermore, the organic materials used for isolating and propagating Trichoderma from soils were found to be viable and confirmed for future biocontrol.

Keywords


Trichoderma, Organic Agriculture, Natural Agent, C. Theobromae

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v44.2.6200

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