Optimization of Temperature and pH for the Protease Production By Endophytic Fungi From Mangrove Sonneratia alba

Denny Bendrianis, Zahra Arafah, Anthoni Agustien, Akmal Djamaan, Feskaharny Alamsjah

Abstract


The research about optimization of temperature and pH for the protease production from mangrove Sonneratia alba endophytic fungi in Mandeh Area, Pesisir Selatan District was conducted from March to June 2023 at Biotechnology Laboratory, Andalas University, Padang. This research aims to determine the optimum temperature and pH of endophytic fungal isolates of mangrove plants Sonneratia alba from the Mandeh area, Pesisir Selatan District in producing protease and to determine the enzyme production after optimization. The research method used in this study was experimental and descriptive.Protease activity was determined using the Takami method. The results of the study showed that the optimum temperature for isolates EUA-124 and EUA-126 in producing protease is 34°C the optimum pH for isolate EUA-124 in producing protease is 7 and the optimum pH for isolate EUA-126 in producing protease is 6. Protease production by isolates EUA-124 increased by 8.621% and protease production by isolate EUA-126 increased by 3.334%.


Keywords


Endophytic fungi; Mangrove; Optimization; pH; Protease; Temperature

Full Text:

PDF

References


Anwar, M. S., & Saleemuddin, M. (1998). Proteases from Bacteria and Yeast. In Production and Application of Microbial Enzymes. Springer.

Bacon, C. W., White Jr, J. F., & McDougal, R. L. (2000). Endophytic Microbes: Police or Partner in Defense Against Phytophagous Insects?. In Microbial Endophytes (pp. 102-115). CRC Press.

Beg, Q.K. (2003). Factors Influencing Protease Production in Microbial Growth. Journal of Molecular Microbiology, vol. 26, no. 4, hal 230-240.

Bizuye, T. (2014). Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity and Stability. In Industrial Enzymes for Biofuels Production: Recent Updates and Future Development (pp. 79-88). LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.

Brock, T.D. et al. (2003). Death Phase in Fungal Population: Causes and Consequences. Journal of Microorganisms, vol. 30, no. 4, hal. 212-225.

Chanway, C. P. (1996). Endophytic Colonization: Bacterial and Fungal Associations. Canadian Journal of Botany, 74(5), 713-717.

Choliq, M. (2008). Genetic Variation and Protease Enzyme Production in Fungi. Journal of Molecular Microbiology, vol. 25, no. 3, hal. 189-201.

Coral, G. et al. (2013). Optimization of Protease Activity in Fungal Isolates. Journal of Enzyme Biochemistry, vol. 40, no. 2, hal. 210-220.

Correa, J. M., Valverde, J. R., & Mercogliano, C. P. (2014). Proteases: Functional Role in Misfolded Protein Cleaning. In Protein Downstream Processing (pp. 51-66). Humana Press.

Das, A. (2013). Relationship Between Cell Number and Enzyme Secretion in Fungi. Journal of Enzyme Biochemistry, vol. 30, no. 1, hal. 55-62.

Devi, M.T. et al. (2012). Optimum pH for Protease Production in A. niger. Journal of Microbial Growth, vol. 19, no. 3, hal. 180-190.

Gandjar. (2006). Secondary Metabolites Production During the Stationary Phase of Fungi. Journal of Microbial Biochemistry, vol. 13, no. 4, hal. 201-210.

Garret, R.H. (1999). Biochemistry. 2nd edition. Thomson Learning, Inc.

Gupta, R., Beg, Q. K., & Lorenz, P. (2002). Bacterial Alkaline Proteases: Molecular Approaches and Industrial Applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 59(1), 15-32.

Haddar, A., Fakhfakh-Zouari, N., Hmidet, N., & Sellami-Kamoun, A. (2010). Fungal Alkaline Proteases: Characterization and Application as Bioindustrial Catalysts. Fungal Alkaline Proteases: Characterization and Application as Bioindustrial Catalysts. In Protein Engineering (pp. 1-25). INTECH Open Access Publisher.

Harrison, R. L., & Bonning, B. C. (2010). Proteases as Insecticidal Agents. Toxins, 2(5), 935-953.

Hasan, F., Shah, A. A., & Hameed, A. (2013). Enzymes used in Detergent Formulations. In Enzymes in Food Industry (pp. 79-100). Springer.

Huang, W., Xu, X., & Qin, Q. (2014). Diversity of Fungal Endophytes in Non-native Phragmites australis in the Songnen Plain of China. Fungal Ecology, 8, 58-65.

Ire, F.S. et al. (2011). Exponential Phase to Stationary Phase Transition and Enzyme Production. Journal of Microbial Growth, vol. 18, no. 4, hal. 168-176.

Khusro. (2016). Factors Affecting Protease Activity in Microbial Growth. Journal of Applied Microorganisms, vol. 23, no. 3, hal. 110-120.

Kumar, C. G., & Takagi, H. (1999). Microbial Alkaline Proteases: From a Bioindustrial Viewpoint. Biotechnology Advances, 17(7), 561-594.

Kumaraswamy, R.V. et al. (2012). Protease Production at the End of Exponential Phase. Journal of Microbial Growth, vol. 19, no. 1, hal. 40-49.

Leboffe, M. J. (2012). Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity. In Microbiology: Laboratory Theory & Application (pp. 197-199). Morton Publishing Company.

Lehninger, A.L. (1997). Principles of Biochemistry. 3rd edition. W.H. Freeman and Company.

Malle, J.G. et al. (2015). Ionization Level and Enzyme Activity of Protease. Journal of Molecular Biochemistry, vol. 32, no. 2, hal. 120-130.

MooreLandecker, E. (1996). Lag Phase in Microbial Growth: Mechanisms and Significance. Journal of Microbiology, vol. 23, no. 4, hal. 321-335.

Murthy, N. S., & Naidu, M. M. (2010). Sustainable Protease Production. In Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology (pp. 39-54). Springer.

Nielsen, P. K., & Oxenboll, K. M. (1998). Industrial Production of Microbial Proteases. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 49(4), 420-427.

Ningthoujam, D. S., & Kshetri, R. (2010). Industrial Production and Application of Hydrolytic Enzymes. In Industrial Enzymes (pp. 61-85). Springer.

Noviyanti, Y. et al. (2013). Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity in Microbial Growth. Journal of Enzyme Biochemistry, vol. 36, no. 2, hal. 89-98.

Olajuyigbe, F.M. (2013). Autolysis and Decrease in Protease Activity in Microbial Growth. Journal of Enzyme Biochemistry, vol. 30, no. 1, hal. 45-52.

Palmer, T. (1981). pH and Enzyme Activity in Microbial Growth. Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 14, no. 3, hal. 150-160.

Panneerselvam, P. (2015). Enzymes as Catalysts: Overview. In Biotechnology: Principles and Applications (pp. 39-61). Springer.

Patil, S.S. et al. (2008). Biochemical Analysis of Lag Phase in Microbial Growth. Journal of Microbial Growth, vol. 15, no. 3, hal. 112-120.

Pinheiro, E. A., Soares, C. R. F. S., da Silva, J. V., Martins-Da-Silva, R. C. V., & Santos, C. C. (2012). Endophytic Bacteria and Fungi as Promoting Agents of Plant Growth. In Microbial Model Systems in Environmental and Agricultural Biotechnology (pp. 279-306). Springer.

Poedjiadi, A. (2006). Enzymes: Nature’s Catalysts. In Bioreactor Engineering Research and Industrial Applications II (pp. 17-29). Springer.

Purkan. (2014). Influence of pH and Nutrient Content on the Exponential Growth Phase of Fungi. Journal of Microbial Growth, vol. 21, no. 2, hal. 89-98.

Qadar, S.A. et al. (2009). Optimal Protease Production During Exponential to Early Stationary Phase. Journal of Applied Biochemistry, vol. 12, no. 3, hal. 132-140.

Rabelo, S.C. et al. (2011). Stability of Crude Enzymes During Prolonged Incubation. Journal of Molecular Microbiology, vol. 28, no. 4, hal. 189-197.

Rai, M., Varma, A., & Sridhar, K. R. (2010). Single-Cell Protein: Production and Process. In Industrial Applications of Microorganisms. Springer.

Rao, M. B., Sridevi, M., & Rani, P. U. (1998). Proteases. In Industrial Enzymes (pp. 99-117). Springer.

Saprudin, A., & Halidah, Z. (2012). Mangrove Forest Resources in South Sulawesi: Its Ecological Role, Conservation Risk and its Utilization Based on the Local Society Knowledge. International Journal of Advances in Remote Sensing and GIS, 1(3), 1-10.

Sayem, S.M. et al. (2006). Optimization of Enzyme Activity by Temperature in Fungal Isolates. Journal of Microbial Biochemistry, vol. 42, no. 3, hal. 210-220.

Sia, E. A., Kakpovbia, A., Osir, E. O. S., & Ononye, S. A. (2013). Optimization of Endoglucanase Production by Bacillus sp. and Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Rotten Wood from an Agro-Based Mill Industry in Numan, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 4(5), 481-489.

Simanjuntak, P. et al. (2002). Variation in Secondary Metabolite Production at the End of the Exponential Phase. Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 10, no. 3, hal. 145-155.

Srividya, N. dan Mala, J.G. (2009). Effect of Nutrient Availability on Protease Activity. Journal of Molecular Biochemistry, vol. 16, no. 2, hal. 78-86.

Sugijanto, E. (2004). Endophytic Fungi. Journal Biologi Indonesia, 1(3), 227-234.

Suparnorampius, A. et al. (2020). pH Optimization for Protease Production in Microbial Growth. Journal of Applied Biochemistry, vol. 45, no. 1, hal. 55-62.

Suprihatin. (2010). Effect of Media Composition on the Lag Phase of Fungal Growth. Journal of Applied Microorganisms, vol. 18, no. 1, hal. 65-75.

Takami, M. (1989). A Study of Protease Activity in Crude Enzyme Extracts Using Casein as Substrate. Journal of Enzymology, vol. 16, no. 2, hal. 45-52.

Tavano, O. L. (2013). Protein Hydrolysis Using Proteases: An Important Tool for Food Biotechnology. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 90, 1-11.

Turk, B. (2006). Targeting Proteases: Successes, Failures, and Future Prospects. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5(9), 785-799.

Veloorvalappil, N. K., Kumar, A., & Negi, B. (2013). Extracellular Alkaline Protease from Bacillus cereus VITSN04: Production and Characterization. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 51(10), 800-804.

Vermelho, A.B. et al. (1996). Substrate and Medium Composition Effects on Protease Production in Fungal Fermentation. Journal of Microbial Biochemistry, vol. 21, no. 2, hal. 75-86.

Whitaker, J.R. (1994). Principles of Enzymology for the Food

Sciences. 2nd edition. Marcel Dekker, Inc.

White, J. F., Bacon, C. W., Hywel-Jones, N. L., Spatafora, J. W., & Kristiansen, K. A. (2014). Endophytic Fungi: Discovery and Diversity Decoding Cryptic and/or Altered Bacterial Communities. In Fungal Endophytes of Grasses: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Implications (pp. 31-65). CRC Press.

Yuliana, N. D., & Nuniek, (2014). Optimization Enzyme Production of Bacillus sp. Using of Fermentation Sardine Waste. Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 5(2), 1-5.

Yuniati, R. (2015). Protease Production and Its Extracellular Enzyme Activity from Isolate Trichoderma SP. Journal of Education and Practice, 1(1), 67-72.

Zaferanloo, B. et al. (2013). Optimum Temperature and pH Conditions for Protease Production. Journal of Microbial Growth, vol. 28, no. 4, hal. 180-190.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v42.1.5885

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Denny Bendrianis, Zahra Arafah, Anthoni Agustien, Akmal Djamaan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.