Inventaire Et Profil Epidémiologique Des Parasites De Cinq Espèces De Poissons A Potentiel Piscicole Dans Le Cours Supérieur Du Fleuve NKAM (Littoral-Cameroun)

Jacques NACK, Georges FONKWA, Ngandeu Jackson Privat FANDA, Eyango Minette TOMEDI, - TCHOUMBOUE

Abstract


Résumé – La présente étude a été conduite de mai à septembre  2019 en amont du fleuve Nkam, dans la plaine des Mbô en vue de  contribuer à la connaissance de la biodiversité et de l’écologie des parasites des poissons. Ainsi, un total de 130 spécimens de poissons (13 Clarias gariepinus, 34 Clarias jaensis, 24 Labeobarbus batesii, 29 Oreochromis niloticus et 30 Parachanna obscura) a été collecté de manière aléatoire auprès des pêcheurs. L’examen parasitologique a permis de déterminer la prévalence et l’intensité moyenne d’infestation. Les résultats ont un montré un polyparasitisme chez toutes les espèces de poissons avec un total de six taxons de parasites (monogènes, myxosporidies, nématodes, cestodes, copépodes, trématodes). La prévalence générale (48%) a été faible. Indépendamment de l’espèce hôte, la prévalence a été faible pour les monogènes (49,23%), trématodes (28,46%) et myxosporidies (24,62%) pendant que les cestodes (1,53%), copépodes (5,38%) et nématodes (6,92%) ont enregistré une prévalence très faible. Les paramètres espèce, sexe, taille et poids n’ont pas significativement affecté la prévalence et l’intensité d’infestation des poissons. Par ailleurs, la prévalence des monogènes a été maximale (100%) chez Oreochromis niloticus suivis de Clarias gariepinus (76,92%). En outre, 75% de poisson Labeobarbus batesii a été parasité par les trématodes. Globalement, l’intensité d’infestation a varié de très faible à faible.  Au terme de la présente étude, il ressort un polyparasitisme par une faune parasitaire composée de six groupes parmi lesquels les monogènes ont été les plus représentés. Dans l’ensemble, la prévalence et l’intensité d’infestation ont été affectées par l’espèce, le sexe, les classes de taille et poids de poissons du fleuve Nkam sans toutefois montrer de grande différence.

Motsclés – Polyparasitisme ; Prévalence; Intensité ; Biodiversité, Ecologie.

Abstract – This study was conducted from May to September 2019 uptream of the Nkam river, in the “plaine des Mbô” in order to contribute to the knowledge of fish parasites biodiversity and ecology.  So, a total of 130 fish specimens (13 Clarias gariepinus, 34 Clarias jaensis, 24 Labeobarbus batesii, 29 Oreochromis niloticus and 30 Parachanna obscura) randomly collected from the fishermen were parasitologically examined so as to determine the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation. Results revealed the polyparasitism of all the fish species with six taxa of parasites (monogeneans, myxosporeans, nematodes, cestodes, copepods, trematodes). The overall prevalence (48%) was low. Irrespective of the host species, the prevalence was low with monogeneans (49.23%), trematodes (28.46%) and myxosporeans (24.62%) while cestodes (1.53%), copepods (5.38%) and nematodes (6.92%) recorded a very low prevalence. Fish species, sex, size classes and weights did not significantly influence the prevalence and intensity of infestation. In addition, the prevalence of monogeneans was maximum (100%) in Oreochromis niloticus followed by Clarias gariepinus (76.92%). On the other hand, 75% of the fish Labeobarbus batesii was infested by trematodes. The overall intensity varied from very low to low. This study finally reveals the polyparasitism of fishes by a parasitic fauna composed of six groups of parasites among which monogeneans were the most represented. Overall, the prevalence and the intensity of infestation was affected by the species, sex, sizes and weight classes of fishes from the Nkam river with no significant difference.

Keywords – Polyparasitism, Prevalence; Intensity; Biodiversity, Ecology

 


Keywords


Polyparasitisme ; Prévalence; Intensité ; Biodiversité, Ecologie.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v32.1.4145

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