The Influence of Change Readiness on Quality of Communication and Participation of Employees in PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero), Tbk, Medan

Tira Filzah Masturah, Emmy Mariatin, Eka Danta Jaya Ginting

Abstract


Changes in the organization are needed for the progress and success of the organization. However, it often leads to rejection by employees. To get employees with the quality of communication and good participation, it required readiness to change from the  employees. This study aims to determine the effect of changing readiness on the quality of communication and participation in companies that experience change. The subjects were 80 employees of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero), Tbk., Medan Balaikota Area and sampling technique is purposive sampling. Data were collected using the scale of communication, the scale of participation, and the scale of readiness to change. Data were analyzed statistically using multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis indicate a significant and positive influence of changed readiness on communication and participation. Where the readiness to change gives a significant effect towards communication better than participation. Readiness change gives 98,4% effect toward communication, and 96,7% effect toward participation. It helps the company to recognize the most powerful strategic to improve employees readiness of change, so they could achieve the company purpose.


Keywords


Change Readiness, Quality of Communication, Participation.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Cohen, M. 1999. Commentary on the Organization Science Special Issue on Complexity. Organizational Science Journal, 10, 373- 376.

Erwin, D.G., & A.N. Garman. 2009. Resistance to Organizational Change. Leardership & Organization Develpoment Journal Vol.31, No. 1, 39-56.

Oreg, S., Vakola, M. & Armenakis, A. 2011. Change recipients’ reactions to organizational change: a sixty-year review of quantitative studies. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science.Vol. 47 No. 4. 461-524.

Connor , P.E., & L.K. Lake.1994. Managing Organizational Change. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Oreg, S., & N. Sverdlik. 2011. Ambivalence Toward Imposed Change: The Conflict between Dispositional Resistance to Change and the Orientation Toward the Change Agent. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, (2), 337-349.

Armenakis, A.A., & S.G., Harris. 2002. Crafting a Change Message to Create Transformational Readiness. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 15, (2), 169-183.

Prochaska, J., Prochaska, J. & Levesque, D. 2001. A transtheoretical approach to changing organizations. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, Vol. 28 No. 4, 247-61.

Armenakis, A.A., Harris, S.G. & Mossholder, K.W. 1993. Creating readiness for organizational change. Human Relations, Vol. 46 No. 6, 681-702.

Beer, M., R.A. Eisenstat & B. Spector. 1990. Why Change Programs don’t Produce Change. Harvard Business Review, 68, (6), 158-166.

Rafferty, A. E., & Simons, R.H. 2006. An Examinationof The Antecedents of Readiness for Fire-Tuning and Corporate Transformation Changes. Journal of Business and Psychology , Vol. 20. No. 3. 325-352.

Lizar, dkk. 2015. The Role of Psychological Capital and Psychological Empowerment on Individual Readiness for Change. The Journal of Developing Areas. Vol. 49, No. 5.

Grubic-Nesic, dkk. 2012. Attitudes of The Employees about The Organizational Restructuring : A Sample of Organizations in Serbia. Journal Expansion European Union, Vol. XVII. No. 12. 153-162.

Vakola, M. 2012. What’s in there for me? Individual readiness to change and the perceived impact of organizational change. Greece. Athens University of Economics and Business.

Mangundjaya, W. 2013. The Predictor of Affective Commitment to Change: Attitude vs Individual Readiness for Change. Jakarta. Universitas Indonesia.

Wittenstein, R. D. 2008. Factors Influencing Individual Readiness for Change in A Health Care Environment. United States. The George Washington University.

Miller, S. C. 2014. Individual Readiness for Change: The Impact of Organizational Learning Culture and Learning Motivation. United States. Regent University.

Self, D. R., & Schraeder, M. 2008. Enhancing The Success of Organizational Change. United States. Troy University Montgomery.

Andersen, S.L. 2008. Readiness for Change : Can Readiness be Primed? Proquest LLC. United States. San Jose State University.

Erwin, D.G., & Garman, A.N. 2009. Resistance to Organizational Change : Linking Reasearch and Practice. United States. Rush University.

Johansson, C., & Heide, M. 2008. Speaking of Change : Three Communication Approaches in Studies of Organizational Change. Sweden. Corporate Communications : An International Journal, Vol. 13, No.3, 288-305.

Frahm, J., & Brown, K. 2005. First Steps: Linking Change Communication to Change Receptivity. Australia. Journal of Organizational Change Management. Vol. 20, No.3, 370-387.

Yuksel, Y. 2013. Understanding The Role of Culture and Communication in Implementing Planned organizational change : The case of Compstat in Police Organizations. United States. The States University of New Jersey.

Saruhan, N. 2014. The Role of Corporate Communication and Perception of Justice during Organizational Change Process. Istanbul. Business and Economics Research Journal. Vol. 5, No. 4, 143-166.

Simoes, P.M.M., & Esposito, M. 2013. Improving Change Management: How Communication Nature Influences Resistance to Change. Cambridge. Journal of Management Development. Vol.33, No. 4, 324-341.

Kovorr-Misra, S. 2009. Understanding perceived organizational identity during crisis and change: A threat/opportunity framework. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 5, 494-510.

Rogiest, S., J. Segers., & A.V. Witteloostuijn. 2015. Climate, communication, and participation impacting commitment to change. Netherlands. Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 28, No.6, 1094-1106.

Armenakis, A.A., & Bedeian, A.G. 1999. Organizational change: a review of theory and research in the 1990. Journal of Management, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 293-315.

Burke, W.W., & Litwin, G.H. 1992. A causal model of organizational performance and change. Journal of Management, Vol. 18, 523-35.

McKay, K., J.R.C. Kuntz., & K. Naswall. 2013. The Effect of Affective Commitment, Communication and Participationon Resistance to Change : The Role of Change Readiness. New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Psychology. Vol. 42, No.1, 55-67.

Goodman, J., & Truss, C. 2004. The Medium and The Message : communicating effectively during a major change initiative. Journal of Change Management, 4(3), 217-228.

Lines, R. 2004. Influence of participation in strategic change: resistance, organizational commitment and change goal achievement. Journal of Change Management, 4(3), 193-215.

Elving, W. J. L. 2005. The role of communication in organizational change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 10(2), 129-138.

Nordin, E.J. 2013. Exploring Effective Communication for Organizational Change. United States. Grand Canyon University.

Nelissen, P., & Selm, M. 2008. Surviving Organizational Change : how Management Communication Helps Balance Mixed Feelings.

Messer, C.O. 2006. Resistance to Change in The Community College : The Influence of participation, Open Communication, Perceived Organizational Support, and Organizational Commitment. Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma.

Joensson, T. 2008. A Multidimesional Approach to employee Participation and the Association with Social Identification in Organizations. Denmark. Employee Relations. Vol.30, No.6, 594-607.

Binyaseen, A.M.A. 2009. Office Layouts and Employee Paricipation. Saudi Arabia. Facilities. Vol. 28, No.7/8, 348-357.

Swathi, B., dkk. 2014. Impact of Working Conditions on Employee Participation and Empolyee Growth. Hyderbad. Proceeding of 4th National Conference on Human Resource management. Review of HRM, Vol.3.

Daly, J.P., & P.D. Geyer. 1994. The Role of Fairness in Implementing Large-scale Change: Employee Evaluations of Process and Outcomes in Seven Facility Relocation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 623-638.

Pitts, J.P. 2006. The Effects of Managerial Communication and Justice Perceptions Employee Commitment to Organizational Change: a Mixed Method Field Theory. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The Graduate Faculty of Aubrun University.

AbouAssi, K., & D.L. Trent. 2013. Understanding Local Participation Amidst Challenges: Evidence from Lebanon in the Global South. USA. International Society for Thrid-Sector Research. Vol. 24, no. 1113-1137.

Chilton, B. 2010. Employee Change Readiness and The Success of Planned Change. Unpublished Thesis for Master Degree, The George L. Graziadio School of Business and Management.

Sverke, dkk. 2008. Employee Participationin Organizational Change : Investigating the Effects of Proactive vs. Reactive Implementation of Downsizing in Swedish Hospitals. Zeitschrift fur Personalforschung. Vol 22., No. 2, 111-129.

Tang, C., & Y. Gao. 2012. Intra-department communication and employees’ reaction to organizational change. China. Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management. Vol.3, No. 2, 100-117.

Skrokupinska, K. 2013. Direct Employee Participation in The Management of Polish Companies. Poland. Journal of Positive Management. Vol.4, No.1, 78-91.

Wanberg, C. R., & Banas, J. T. 2000 Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace. In: Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 132-142.

Marks, M. L. 1993. Restructuring and downsizing. In: P. H. Mirvis (Ed.): Building the competitive workforce: Investing in human capital for corporate success (60-95): Chichester, U.K.: Wiley.

Mikkelsen, A., Saksvik, P., & O.Landsbergis, P. 2000. The impact of a participatory organizational intervention on job stress in community health care institutions. In: Work & Stress, 2, 156-170.

Parker, S., K.Chmiel, N.,& Wall, T. D. 1997. Work characteristics and employee well-being within a context of strategic downsizing. In: Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 289-303.

Pfeffer, J. 1998 The human equation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

Mikkelsen, A., Saksvik, P., & O.Landsbergis, P. 2000. The impact of a participatory organizational intervention on job stress in community health care institutions. In: Work & Stress, 2, 156-170.

Armenakis, A.A., Harris, S.G., & Mossholder, K.W. 1993. Creating readiness for organizational change. Human Relations, Vol. 46 No. 6, 681-702.

Weiner, B.J. 2009. A theory of organizational readiness for change, Implementation Science, Vol. 67, No. 4.

Weiner B.J., Lewis M.A., & Linnan L.A. (2009). Using organization theory to understand the determinants of effective implementation of worksite health promotion programs, Health Education Resources, No. 24, 292-305.

Wittenstein, R.D. 2008. Factors Influencing Individual Readiness for Change In a Health Care Environment. UMI. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The George Washington University.

Bernerth, J. 2004. Expanding our understanding of the change message. Human Resources Development Review, Vol. 3, No.1, 36-52.

Madsen, S. 2003. A model for individual change: Exploring its application to human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, Vol.2, No.3, 229-251.

George, J., & Jones, G. 2001. Towards a process model of individual change in organizations. Human Relations, Vol.54, No.4, 419-444.

Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Harris, S. G. 2007. Readiness for organizational change: The systematic development of a scale. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol 43, No.2, 232-255.

Eby, L. T., Adams, D. M., Russell, J. E. A., & Gaby, S. H. 2000. Perceptions of organizational readiness for change: Factors related to employees’ reactions to the implementation of team-based selling. Human Relations, 53(3), 419–442.

Zhou, K.Z., Gao, G.Y., Yang, Z.L., & Zhou, N. 2005. Developing strategic orientation in China: antecedents and consequences of market and innovation orientations. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58 No. 8, 1049-1058.

Kotter, J.P., & Schlesinger, L.A. 1979. Choosing strategies for change. Harvard Business Review, March-April, pp. 106-14.

Odero, J.A. 2016. Communication as a Factor Affecting Effective Strategy Implementation in The Banking Industry in Kakamega County, Kenya. International Journal of Management Research and Review. Vol.6, issue 7, No.9, 950-966.

Babarinsa, O.O. 2012 . The Role of Leadership Credibility and Effective Communication in Achieving Organizational Change.

White, K. W., & Chapman, E. N. 1996. Organizational communication – An introduction to communication and human relations strategies. Needham Heights, MA: Simon and Schuster Custom Publishing. UMI. Unpublished Thesis for Master Degree. University of Maryland.

Haiemann T. 2011 Oxford University Press, New York; 142. Retrieved from http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/

Peter L. 2015 Effective Business Communication, McGraw Hill Inc. Newyork. Publishing Nigerian Limited; 18-24.

Alexander LD. 2006 Strategy implementation: nature of the problem. International Review of Strategic Management; 2(1): 73-91.

Alexander LD. 2011 Successfully Implementing Strategic Decisions, Long Range Planning; 18: 91-7.

Kouzes JM., & Pozner BZ. 2003 Credibility: How Leaders gain and lose it, why People need it. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass Publishers.

Quach, H. 2013. An Analysis of Organizational Trust and Communication Effectiveness. UMI. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The George Washington University.

Hills, L. 2013. Overcoming the Ten Most Common Barriers to Effective Team Communication. The Journal of Medical Practice Management. 99-105.

Carlon, D.M. 2001. Organizational Communication as Self-Organizing : Building a Foundation for Everyday Communication. UMI. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. University of Denver.

Turaga, R. 2016. Organizational Models of Effective Communication. The IUP Journal of Soft Skills, Vol.X, no. 2, 56-67.

Shrivastava, S. 2012. Comprehensive Modeling of Communication Barriers : A Conceptual Framework. The UIP Journal of Soft Skills, Vol VI, No.3, 7-21.

Irawanto, D.W. 2015. Employee Participation in Decision-Making : Evidence from A State-Owned Enterprise in Indonesia. Management. Vol. 20, No.1, 159-172.

Gherardi, S. 2006, Organizational Knowledge: The Texture of Workplace Learning. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA.

Schwandt, T.A. 200., Dictionary of Qualitative Inquiry, Sage, London.

Brownell, P. 1982: A Field Study Examination of Budgetary Participation and Locus of Control. The Accounting Review, 57 (4), pp. 766-777.

Ford, J. K, Weissbein, D. A., & Plamondon, K. E. 2003. Distinguishing organizational from strategy commitment: Linking officers’ commitment to community policing to job behaviours and satisfaction. Justice Quarterly, 20, 159 – 185. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00852.x

DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. 1998. A tale of two corporations: Managing uncertainty during organisational change. Human Resource Management, Vol. 37, No.3, 295-303.

DiFonzo, N., Bordia, P., & Rosnow, R. L. 1994. Reining in rumors. Organisational Dynamics, Vo.23, No.1, 47-62.

Cunningham, C. E., Woodward, C. A.,Shannon, H. S., MacIntosh, J., Lendrum, B., & Rosenbloom, D., et al. 2002. Readiness for organizational change: A longitudinal study of workplace, psychological and behavioural correlates. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, vol. 75, No.4,377-392.

Madsen, S. R., Miller, D., & John, C. R. 2005. Readiness for organizational change: Do organizational commitment and social relationships in the workplace make a difference? Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol.16, No.2, 213-234.

Jimmieson, N. L., Peach, M., & White, K. M. 2008. Utilizing the theory of plannedbehavior to inform change management. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 44, No.2, 237.

Miller, K.I., & Monge, P.R. 1986. Participation, satisfaction, and productivity: a meta-analytic review. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 29 No. 4, 727-753.

Miller, V.D., Johnson, J.R., & Grau, J. 1998. Antecedents to willingness to participate in a planned organizational change. Journal of Applied Communication Research, Vol. 22, February, 59-80.

Kerlinger, F., & H.B. Lee. 2003. Foundations of Behavioral Research. Harcourt College Publishers. California State University.

Azwar, Saifuddin. 2005. Sikap Manusia : Teori dan Pengukurannya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Subagyo.P.J. 2004. Metode Penelitian dalam Teori dan Praktek. PT Rineka Cipta. Jakarta.

Reksoatmodjo, T.N. 2006. Statistika untuk Psikologi dan Pendidikan. Refika Aditama. Jakarta.

Devito, J.A. 1995. The Interpersonal Communication Book. Seventh Edition. HarpersCollinsCollege Publishers. New York.

Sugiyono. 2015. Cara Mudah Belajar SPSS & LISREL : Teori dan Aplikasi untuk Analisis Data Penelitian. Alfabeta. Jakarta.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v8.1.382

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 Tira Filzah Masturah, Emmy Mariatin, Eka Danta Jaya Ginting

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.