Analyses Of Domestic Water Supply And Demand Using Geography Information System (GIS) In Boji-Boji Agbor, Delta State Nigeria

Abstract

The research study was conducted in Boji-Boji Agbor, Ika South LGA of Delta State, Nigeria to determine the nature and problems of water resources in the area, sources of water supply, domestic uses of water as well as water supply and demand requirements.  The study identified the various sources of water supply and demand, problems associated with water supply, the average quantity of water demand in liters by households and use Geographic Information System (GIS) tool in analyzing supply and demand to suggest ways of solving problems involved in water supply and demand in the area. The study applied the use of questionnaire, interview, observation and GIS data as primary sources of data to the research The names of the bore-hole owners, their address and other sources of water supply were collected to serve as an attribute data which were tied to each location collected with the GPS.. Furthermore, the secondary data sources include archival data, existing and published academic works that include journals, internet and online data, etc.  The data obtained from 250 questionnaires administered  is based on simple random sampling techniques, were validated and tested using two hypotheses vz. i.  There is no significant difference in the use of water got from the various water supply sources – River, government bore-hole, private bore-holes, wells and satchet/package water. ii. Supply of water in Boji - Boji Agbor, is not depended on the following factors – water pollution misuse of available facilities, distance, high cost of water, increased demand, inadequate facilities, lack of government water scheme, leakages of pipes, diseases. The result of the study showed that private pump is the major source of water in Boji-Boji-Agbor with most significant usage for domestic use (cooking, bathing, washing, etc). The result of the first hypothesis tested showed that the standardized B Coefficient value for government borehole (0.715), river (0.683), private borehole (0.659), wells (0.639) and sachet /packaged water (0.502) indicates that the model is significant at 0.05 level of significance and that there is a positive correlation between the use of water from the various water sources and water supply in Boji-Boji Agbor. The result of the second hypothesis showed that, water supply to Boji-Boji Agbor is significantly dependent on water pollution, misuse of available facilities, distance, high cost of water, increased demand, inadequate facilities, lack of government water scheme, leakages of pipes and  diseases since the R model value of 0.892 is significant at 0.05 level of significance indicating that there is a strong positive relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study concluded that the level of influence of water demand factors in the area is very high as the variables (water pollution, misuse of available facilities, distance, high cost of water, increased demand, inadequate facilities, lack of government water scheme, leakages of pipes, and diseases) indicates a positive correlation existing between water supply and factors in the area. GIS map for demand and supply of water was also presented. The study recommends that citizens need to be educated on the use of water such that issues of wastage or misuse of government water facilities would be avoided.