Temporal Response Of Chlorophyll-A To Precipitation In The Coastal Waters Of Semarang City, Central Java

Bayu M., Adzkia Noerma A.

Abstract


Semarang City, located on the north coast of Java Island, faces high environmental and anthropogenic pressures from industrial activities, agriculture, and dense settlements. These pressures have the potential to affect primary productivity in its waters, as indicated by the dynamics of chlorophyll-a (phytoplankton) concentrations. This study aims to analyze the temporal pattern of chlorophyll-a and its relationship to rainfall in Semarang City waters. The data used are the Ocean-Color Climate Change Initiative (chlorophyll-a) and Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (precipitation). The observation period in this research is daily data from January 2024 to December 2024. Monthly data analysis revealed a clear seasonal pattern: chlorophyll-a concentrations peaked during the West Monsoon (December-February), reaching approximately 2.4 mg/m³ in February, which correlated positively with high rainfall. This increase was driven by runoff, which carries nutrients and stimulates phytoplankton growth. Conversely, during the East Monsoon (June-August), chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased to 0.8 mg/m³ (October), likely due to water stratification and reduced nutrient supply. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate correlation (0.43) between rainfall patterns and chlorophyll-a, with a lag between peak rainfall (January) and peak chlorophyll-a (February). These findings indicate that Semarang waters are heavily influenced by nutrient inputs from land, making them vulnerable to eutrophication and potential algal blooms during the rainy season. Understanding these patterns is important for water quality early warning systems, sustainable fisheries management, and planning to mitigate the impacts of environmental degradation in densely populated coastal areas.

Keywords


Chlorophyll-a, Precipitation, Java Island, Semarang

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v55.1.7741

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