Utilization of Sweet Sap from Sorghum Stalk as Bioethanol with Variation of Yeast in the Fermentation Process

Hendry Sakke Tira, Rudy Sutanto

Abstract


Awareness to anticipate the future crisis of fossil fuel, particularly oil, has encouraged efforts to find alternative sources of fuel, especially those derived from plants, one of which is bioethanol. Bioethanol is a renewable fuel with high economic value. From various potential plant sources that can be developed into alternative fuel, one of them is sweet sap from sorghum stalk. This research aims to determine the effect of different types of yeast on the volume, alcohol content, and specific gravity of bioethanol produced from sorghum stalk. The variations of yeast used in this research were tapay yeast, baker’s yeast, and turbo yeast, with a yeast mass of 10 g/L, NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) mass of 0.6 g/L, and urea mass of 0.5 g/L. Bioethanol was produced from the sweet sap through a 3-day fermentation process, with a sample volume of 3 liters, followed by distillation using a vacuum distillation apparatus. The research was conducted at room temperature and pressure so that all sweet sap obtained the same treatment before being given different types of yeast. The results of the research showed that the highest alcohol content was obtained from the fermentation process using tapay yeast, followed by baker’s yeast and turbo yeast. Meanwhile, the largest volume of bioethanol was obtained from the fermentation process using turbo yeast. The highest specific gravity of 0.9456 was also obtained from the fermentation process using turbo yeast, while the lowest was obtained from the fermentation process using tapay yeast.


Keywords


stalk sorghum; yeast; alcohol content; specific gravity

Full Text:

PDF

References


H.S. Tira, Y.A. Padang, Salman, and I. Sapriandi, “The Effect of In-digester Temperature on Biogas Production,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 030012, April 2023.

H. Stančin, H. Mikulčić, X. Wang, and N. Duić, “A review on alternative fuels in future energy system,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 128, p. 109927, May 2020.

M. Deshmukh, D.S. Pendse, and A. Pande, “Effects of blending bioethanol with gasoline on spark–ignition engine – A review,” J. Integr. Sci. Technol., vol. 10, pp. 87–99, July 2022.

S. Rezania et al., “Different pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production: An overview,” Energy, vol. 199, p. 117457, March 2020.

J. Huang, M. T. Khan, D. Perecin, S. T. Coelho, and M. Zhang, “Sugarcane for bioethanol production: Potential of bagasse in Chinese perspective,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 133, p. 110296, March 2020.

S. Kheybari, M. Javdanmehr, F. M. Rezaie, and J. Rezaei, “Corn cultivation location selection for bioethanol production: An application of BWM and extended PROMETHEE II,” Energy, vol. 228, p. 120593, April 2021.

C. Hernández et al., “Wheat straw, corn stover, sugarcane, and Agave biomasses: chemical properties, availability, and cellulosic-bioethanol production potential in Mexico,” Biofuels, Bioprod. Biorefining, vol. 13, pp. 1143–1159, April 2019.

G. S. Aruwajoye, A. Kassim, A. K. Saha, and E. B. Gueguim Kana, “Prospects for the improvement of bioethanol and biohydrogen production from mixed starch-based agricultural wastes,” Energies, vol. 13, December 2020.

V. Alfonsín, R. Maceiras, and C. Gutiérrez, “Bioethanol production from industrial algae waste,” Waste Manag., vol. 87, pp. 791–797, March 2019.

S. N. Santi and T. Widyaningrum, “Produksi Bioetanol dari Limbah Batang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) Menggunakan Zymomonas mobilis dengan Perlakuan Crude Enzim Trichoderma reesei dan Aspergillus niger,” J. Biolokus, vol. 5, pp. 18–23, 2022.

K. A. Selim, S. M. Easa, and A. I. El-Diwany, “The xylose metabolizing yeast Spathaspora passalidarum is a promising genetic treasure for improving bioethanol production,” Fermentation, vol. 6, pp. 1–12, March 2020.

L. Rocha-Meneses, J. A. Ferreira, N. Bonturi, K. Orupõld, and T. Kikas, “Enhancing bioenergy yields from sequential bioethanol and biomethane production by means of solid-liquid separation of the substrates,” Energies, vol. 12, September 2019.

F. K. N’Guessan, D. Y. N’Dri, F. Camara, and M. K. Djè, “Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis as starter cultures for the alcoholic fermentation of tchapalo, a traditional sorghum beer,” World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 26, pp. 693–699, 2010.

M. K. Kityo, I. Sunwoo, S. H. Kim, Y. R. Park, G. T. Jeong, and S. K. Kim, “Enhanced Bioethanol Fermentation by Sonication Using Three Yeasts Species and Kariba Weed (Salvinia molesta) as Biomass Collected from Lake Victoria, Uganda,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., vol. 192, pp. 180–195, March 2020.

N. Manmai, Y. Unpaprom, V. K. Ponnusamy, and R. Ramaraj, “Bioethanol production from the comparison between optimization of sorghum stalk and sugarcane leaf for sugar production by chemical pretreatment and enzymatic degradation,” Fuel, vol. 278, p. 118262, May 2020.

L. Cempaka, “Peuyeum: fermented cassava from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia,” J. Ethn. Foods, vol. 8, pp. 1–7, May 2021.

J. Eardley and D. J. Timson, “Yeast Cellular Stress: Impacts on Bioethanol Production,” Fermentation, vol. 6, November 2020.

A. Jahanbakhshi and R. Salehi, “Processing watermelon waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and the fermentation method for bioethanol production,” J. Food Process Eng., vol. 42, pp. 1–10, September 2019.

L. Favaro, T. Jansen, and W. H. van Zyl, “Exploring industrial and natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for the bio-based economy from biomass: the case of bioethanol,” Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., vol. 39, pp. 800–816, June 2019.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v39.1.5358

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Hendry Sakke Tira, Rudy Sutanto

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.