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Conditions to access of Drinking Water, Waterborne Diseases and Link with Socio-Environmental Aspects in Peri-Urban Areas Of Douala Littoral Cameroon, Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract
Les conditions d’accès à l’eau potable et le risque d’apparition de maladies hydriques dans les localités périurbaines de Dibombari, Bonaléa et Mbanga ont été étudiés. Des enquêtes ont été menées dans le cadre de cas de santé afin d’identifier les personnes souffrant de maladies d’origine hydrique; les ressources en eau consommées par ces individus ont été examinées dans leur environnement immédiat, puis leurs paramètres physico-chimiques in situ ont été mesurés à l’aide d’un multiparamètre portable Hanna HI98192. Les tests statistiques d’association du Chi2 et du Rho de Spearman couplés à des modèles de régression logistique binaire ont été utilisés pour prédire les risques d’apparition de maladies d’origine hydrique. Il est apparu que les maladies d’origine hydrique étaient significativement (P<0,05 et P<0,01) associées au traitement, à l’âge, au sexe, à l’assainissement et à la proximité des sources de pollution. Les personnes de plus de 15 ans et les femmes étaient les plus touchées par les maladies d’origine hydrique avec des proportions de 67,71% à Dibombari, 65,38% à Bonaléa et 64,19% à Mbanga. Du côté pédictif, les facteurs associés à un risque accru de maladie d’origine hydrique étaient l’âge (6,39[1,05 ;38,89] à Dibombari ; 4,88[1,07 ;30,33] à Bonaléa et 5,79[1,99 ;16,78] à Mbanga) et la distance aux sources de pollution (1,13[1,02 ;1,25] à Dibombari ; 1,22[1,01 ;1,33] à Bonaléa et 1,17[1,09 ;1,26] à Mbanga). Les facteurs de protection étaient: le type d’eau (0,80 [0,70 ; 0,90] à Dibombi) et le traitement (0,75 [0,65 ; 0,86] à Dibombari ; 0,76 [0,66 ; 0,89] à Bonaléa et 0,05 [0,007 ;0,38] à Mbanga) Il est conseillé aux acteurs du développement dans ces localités de mettre l’accent sur la protection des ressources en eau et l’assainissement car la santé des populations est en jeu.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v38.1.5017
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