Sulfonated Organic Carbon Waste From Organic Waste As Solid Acid Catalyst For PFAD Esterification: A Brief Review

Selvi Apriliana Putri, Umar Kalmar Nizar, Budi Oktavia, Syamsi Aini, Rita Sundari

Abstract


Evidently, sulfonated carbon catalyst has strong catalytic activity for oil esterification with high FFA content. The catalyst has been synthesized through two step reactions, i.e. carbonization and sulfonation processes. Plantation organic waste such as palm kernel shell and bagasse were reported as carbon source for the synthesis of solid acid catalyst based on sulfonated carbon, the waste was used as carbon source due to its cellulose and lignocellulose. FTIR characterization was applied to examine the acid sites on the catalyst surface, while XRD analysis used to investigate the crystalinity structure. Murumuru core skin was reported as sulfonated carbon catalyst in PFAD estrification with 97.2% FFA conversion, while characterization analysis showed the highest acid sites obtained at optimum operation condition with 5 wt% catalyst loading, molar ratio of 10 : 1 (metanol : PFAD) at 90 oC and 1.5h. 

Keywords


Biodiesel; Solid Acid Catalyst; Sulfonated Carbon; FTIR; TGA; XRD

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v31.1.4051

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