Soil Microbial Population and Plant Density under the Influence of Three Maize Herbicides in Nigeria

Solomon Alaba Adejoro, Rex D. Aladesanwa

Abstract


Abstract- The agricultural soil is the final destination of a large number of herbicides, whether they are soil or foliage applied, and soil microbial biomass is the most vulnerable to herbicide contamination among soil properties.  Two field trials were conducted involving the application of 2,4-D, glyphosate and atrazine herbicides at their respective field recommended rates of 1.5, 2.0 l/ha and 3.0 kg a.i. /ha to control weeds in maize. The weeding treatments also included a weed-free, and a weedy control. Each trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications per treatment. Weeds were sampled twice at 4 and 12 WAP at random using a 50 x 50 cm quadrat at two sites per plot. Data on weed parameters include weight, density and weed control efficacies (WCE) of the treatments. At maize harvest, soil sampling was done on individual treatment plot at 0-15 cm depth to determine the soil pH status, while enumeration of soil microbial population (bacteria and fungi) was also performed on the sampled soil. All herbicide treatments significantly reduced bacterial and fungal counts in both season except glyphosate, which appeared to stimulate bacterial and fungal population in 2012. It was therefore concluded that glyphosate should be preferred to 2,4-D and atrazine for maize production in Nigeria when sustainable soil management is a priority

Keywords


Herbicides, Atrazine, Glyphosate, microbial biomass, weed control efficacies.

Full Text:

PDF

References


R. Haney, S. Senseman, F. Hons, and D. Zuberer, “Effect of glyphosate on soil microbial activity and biomass”, Weed Science, vol. 48, pp 89-93, 2000.

D. A. Derksen, R. L. Anderson, R. E. Blackshaw, and B. Maxwell, B, “Weed dynamics and management strategies for cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains”, Journal of Agronomy, Vol. 94, pp 174–185, 2002. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.1740

M, Riaz, M. Jamil and T. Z. Mahmood, “Yield and yield components of maize as affected by various weed control methods under rain-fed conditions of Pakistan”. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, Vol 9, 152–155, 2007.

J. B. Weber, G. G. Wilkerson, C. F. Reinhardt, “Calculating pesticide sorption coefficients (K sub(d)) using selected soil properties”, Chemosphere. Vol 55, pp. 157-166, 2004.

V. Laabs, A. Wehrhan, A. Pinto, E. Dores, W. Amelung, “Pesticide fate in tropical wetlands of Brazil: An aquatic microcosm study under semi-field conditions”, Chemosphere. Vol 67, pp. 975-989, 2007.

S. Hussain, T. Siddique, M. Saleem, M. Arshad, A. Khalid, “Impact of pesticides on soil microbial diversity, enzymes, and biochemical reactions”, Advances in Agronomy, vol 102, pp. 159-200, 2009.

E. W. Murage, P. R. Voroney, B. D. Kay, B. Deen, R. P. Beyaert, “Dynamics and turnover of soil organic matter as affected by tillage”, Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 71(4), pp. 1363-1370, 2007.

H. H. Cheng, “Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts, and Modeling”, Soil Science Society of America, Inc, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1990.

J. L. Smith and H. P. Collins, “Management of organisms and their processes in soils”, inE. A. Paul (ed.), Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry, Academic Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 471–502, 2007.

M. C. Zabaloy, G. P. Zanini, V. Bianchinotti, M. A. Gomez, and J. L. Garland, J. L. Herbicides in the Soil Environment: Linkage Between Bioavailability and Microbial Ecology. In: S. Soloneski and M. L. Larramendy (Eds.) Herbicides, Theory and Applications. Pp. 161 – 192, 2007.

R. D. Aladesanwa and S. A. Adejoro, “Weed control in Maize (Zea mays L.) with Atrazine and its Soil Residual Activity on the Growth and Yield of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus (L.)Sauer) in Southwestern Nigeria”, Weed: Management, Economic impacts and Biology; (Kingely, R.V. Ed.) Nova Science Publisher, Inc. NY, USA. Pp 87-99, 2009.

R. D. Aladesanwa, “Screenhouse evaluation of atrazine for soil residual activity on growth,development and nutritional quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) in southwestern Nigeria”, Crop Protection vol 24, pp 927-931, 2005.

N. A. Milošević, M. M. Govedarica, “Effect of herbicides on microbial properties of soil”, Proc. Nat. Sci., 102, 5, 2012.

M. Baćmaga, E. Boros, J. Kucharski, J. Wyszkowska, “Enzymatic activity in soil contaminated with the Aurora 40 WG herbicide”, Environmental. Protection and Engineering, vol. 38, 90, 2012.

A. Sebiomo, V. W. Ogundero and S. A. Bankole, “Effect of four herbicides on microbial population, soil organic matter and dehydrogenase activity”, .African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(5), pp. 770-778, 2011.

L. J. Radivojevic, S. Gasic, L. J. Santric, R. Stankovic-Kalezic, “The impact of atrazine on several biochemical properties of chernozem soil”, Serbian Journal of Chemical Society. Vol 73(10), pp 951–959, 2008.

J. P. Quinn, J. M. M. Peden and R. E. Dick, “Glyphosate tolerance and utilization by the microora of soils treated with the herbicide”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology vol 29, pp 511 516, 1988.

A. Santos and M. Flores, “Effects of Glyphosate on Nitrogen Fixation of Free Living Heterotrophic Bacteria”, Letters in applied microbiology.vol 20, pp 349- 352, 1995.

M. A. Weaver, L. J. Krutz, R. M. Zablotowicz and K. N. Reddy, “Effect of glyphosate on soil microbial communities and its mineralization in a Mississippi soil”, Pest Management Science.vol 63, pp 388-393, 2007.

O. Benslama and A. Boulahrouf, “Impact of glyphosate application on the microbial activity of two Algerian soils”, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, vol 2(12), pp 628-630, 2013.

D. A. Wardle, K. S. Nicholson and A. Rahman, “Influence of herbicide applications on the decomposition, microbial biomass, and microbial activity of pasture shoot and root litter”. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, Wellington, vol. 37, pp 29-39, 1994.

A. L. Gimsing, O. K. Borggaard, and M. Bang, “Influence of soil composition on adsorption of glyphosate and phosphate by contrasting Danish surface soils”, European Journal of Soil Science vol 55(1), 183-19, 2004.

A. W. Ratcliffe, M. D. Busse, C. J. Shestak, “Changes in microbial community structure following herbicide (glyphosate) additions to forest soils”, Applied Soil Ecology, Amsterdam, vol.34, no.2/3, pp 114–124, 2006.

P. J. Lewis, G. C. Papavizas and T. S. Hora, “Effect of some herbicides on microbial activity in soil”, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 10, pp 137-141, 1988.

E. Sathiyavani, N K. Prabhakaran, C. Chinnusamy, R. Shanmugasundram, K. Soorianathsundaram, “Effect of Herbicide residues on Soil Microorganisms in Turmeric”, International Journal of Horticulture, Vol.5, No.3, pp 1-12, 2015.

N. Z. Lupwayi, K. N. Harker, G. W. Clayton, T. K. Turkington, W. A. Rice and J. T. Donovan, “Soil microbial biomass and diversity after herbicide application”, Canadian Journal of Plant Science. Vol 84, pp 677-685, 2004.

A. Das, R. Prasad, K. Bhatnagar, G. S. Lavekar, A. Varma, “Synergism between medicinal plants and microbes”, in A.K. Chauhan and A. Varma ed., Microbes: Health and Environ. U.K, 2006.

A. C. Kennedy, “Soil biota in the rhizosphere”, Principles and applications of soil microbiology, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, pp 242-262, 2005.

[29] M. A. Qureshi, Z. A. Ahmad, N. Akhtar, A. Iqbal, F. Mujeeb and M. A. Shakir, “Role of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) In Enhancing P Availability and Promoting Cotton Growth”, The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, vol 22(1), pp 204-210, 2012.

N. C. Brady and R. R. Weil, “The Nature and Properties of Soils”, 12th Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, 2008.

M. L. De Souza, M. L. Sadowsky, L. P. Wackrtt, “Atrazine chlorohydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP: gene sequence, enzyme purification and protein characterization”, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 178, pp. 4894-4900, 1996.

[32] M. L. De Souza, J. B. Seffernick, M. J. Martinez, Sadowsky, and L. P. Wackett, “Theatrazine catabolism genes atzABC are widespread and highly conserved”, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 180, pp. 1951-1954, 1998a.

M. J. Sadowsky, Z. Tong, M. De Souza and L. P. Wackett, “ AtzC is a new member of the amidohydrolase protein superfamily and is homologous to other atrazine-metabolizing enzymes”, Journal of bacteriology, vol. 180(1), pp. 152-158, 1998.

O. A. Akinyemiju, S. O. Ogunyemi, and I. O. Ojo, “Persistence of atrazine in a humid tropical soil”, Nigerian Journal of Agronomy vol 1 (1), pp 22-25, 1986.

EPA, Tolerances and exemptions from tolerances for pesticide chemicals in food. Part 180 in Code of Federal Regulations Title 40, Volume 15 – Protection of the Environment, 1998.

B. N. Rodrigues F. S. Almeida, “Guide of Herbicides”, 5th ed. IAPAR; Londrina, Brazil, 2005.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v30.2.3882

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Solomon Alaba Adejoro

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.