Negative Outcomes (Default, Loss to Follow-Up and Death) Among HIV-1 Mother-To-Child Infected Infants in the Gambia. What Are the Majors Associated Risk Factors?

Musa Ceesay, Dr. Abdelkodose Mohammed Hussen Abdulla, Mr Bakary Sanneh, Prof. Nani Nordin, Musa Ceesay

Abstract


Background: Late antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiations for pregnant women together with their attritions from ART adherence during pregnancy through breastfeeding, was found significantly contributing to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 infections in the Gambia. Despite, studies to determine the outcome of these infants overall, infants infected through MTCT are lacking.

Aims: To determine negative outcomes (defaults, loss to follow-up and deaths) among HIV-1 mother-to-child infected infants and major risk factors associated to their negative outcomes in the Gambia.

Methods: A descriptive retrospective study which involved retrospective data collection and analysis on HIV-1 infected infants who had their samples collected from 2015-2019 and were tested for EID. STATA version 13 software was used for the data analysis, with frequencies and percentage reported for categorical variables and relationship between two categorical were examined using Fisher’s exact test.

Results: From 2015-2019, 95/1420 HIV exposed infants were found PCR DNA HIV-1 positive. Among these infected ones, immigration factors (IF) was found major associated factors to defaults, whereas miss-opportunity (MOF) factors was found major associated factors to loss to followed-up and lack of accessed to ART initiation deaths.

Conclusions: A proxy 2015-2019 MTCT national HIV-1 prevalence of 6.7% (95/1420) was found in the Gambia, with majority of these infants who died were not initiated on ART found primarily, associated with MOF. Therefore, the needs to focus on HIV infected mother-infant pairs with MOF characteristic(s) could significantly reduce lack of access to ART initiation mortality risks of infants infected through MTCT in the Gambia.


Keywords


Early infant diagnosis, Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1), ART, MTCT, Loss to follow-up, default, death, The Gambia

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v23.1.2251

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