Recent Treatment Methods and their Efficacy for Corona Pandemic Situation

Ayman Bin Mannan, Halima Habib

Abstract


The world is going through a pandemic situation after 100 years. This situation is created by Coronavirus SARS-CoV- 2. Its homology is quite similar to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. All of these viruses are responsible for respiratory illness. Till now, no licensed treatment or diagnosis method has been discovered against these viruses. Though the age of this disease is only nine months, many scientists working day and night to save the world from this pandemic situation. But the virus is changing itself by the time, seasons, and area and making it difficult for scientists to invent vaccines or treatment. The purpose of this article is to compile the major recent treatments which are being used to subside the adverse condition of the patient. Among the prominent methods that have been operated, obstructing the viral activity, mimicking the immune system, controlling immune hyperactivity are creating either prominent responses or a combination of positive and negative impact which varies from patient to patient. Some of them are widely used in almost all hospitalized patients in some of the countries. But none of the treatments are globally approved yet. Either The most impactful or the least one, each and every treatment is going through further studies

Keywords


SARS-CoV-2, treatment, respiratory illness, viral activity, inflammatory.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Coronavirus Drug and Treatment Tracker New york times (October 4,2020) (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html)

SARS-CoV-2 Treatment Approaches: Numerous Options, No Certainty for a Versatile Virus for picture

Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Preliminary Report (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2007764)

Remdesivir, a remedy or a ripple in severe COVID-19 (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13543784.2020.1821645?scroll=top&needAccess=true)

Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses.(Available Evidence and Ongoing Clinical Trials of Remdesivir: Could It Be a Promising Therapeutic Option for COVID-19?) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264155/)

Remdisivir (litcovid) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/publication/32401466)

Micronotes(https://microbenotes.com/favipiravir/)

Technology networks(April 02 , 2020) (https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/news/phase-2-clinical-trial-of-apn01-for-treatment-of-covid-19-inititated-332897)

The lancet respiratory medicine ,(September 24)( https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30418-5/fulltext)

Ivermectin: potential candidate for the treatment of Covid 19(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7321032/)

Ivermectin Could Turn COVID-19 Around. We Need To Find Out If It Works(trialsitenews) oct 1(https://www.trialsitenews.com/ivermectin-could-turn-covid-19-around-we-need-to-find-out-if-it-works/)

Ivermectin,oral drug.(medicalnewstoday) https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ivermectin-oral-tablhttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ivermectin-oral-tabletets

DISulfiram for COvid-19 (DISCO) Trial (DISCO) (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04485130)

WEBMD(https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1446/disulfiram-oral/details)

Wikipedia(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MK-4482#cite_note-pmid31945316-2)

EIDD-2801 shows efficacy against COVID-19 in human cells and mice(drug target) (https://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/59567/eidd-2801-shows-efficacy-against-covid-19-in-human-cells-and-mice/)

Clinical Trial Evaluating Oral Drug against Coronavirus Expected to Start Later This Spring (Genetic engineering and biotechnology news. April 8) (https://www.genengnews.com/news/clinical-trial-evaluating-oral-drug-against-coronavirus-expected-to-start-later-this-spring/)

The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19(the journal of clinical investigation)( https://www.jci.org/articles/view/138003)

Can convalescent plasma therapy help treat the corona virus disease(Hindustan times) April 19 2020 (https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/use-technology-to-improve-governance/story-suvMkrNUIETDsA2ghdJRPM.html)

Treatment of Immunocompromised COVID‐19 patients with Convalescent Plasma(treatment infious disease)( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/tid.13477)

Challenges of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on COVID 19 Qian Zhao and Yong He* (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7146649/)

Clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID-19 now enrolling (https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/clinical-trials-monoclonal-antibodies-prevent-covid-19-now-enrolling)

Eli Lilly reports promising first results for an antibody against COVID-19(Eli Lily) September 16,2020 (https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/09/eli-lilly-reports-first-promising-results-antibody-against-covid-19)

Antibodies made in the lab show some promise for treating COVID-1(sciencenews) (https://www.sciencenews.org/article/covid-19-coronavirus-antibodies-lab-treatment-immune-system)

AstraZeneca Begins Phase 1 Trial for Monoclonal Antibody Combination for COVID-19 (https://www.contagionlive.com/view/astrazeneca-begins-phase-1-trial-for-monoclonal-antibody-combination-for-covid19)

Drug vignettes: Interferons (https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/drug-vignettes-interferons/)

Interferons in the Therapy of Severe Coronavirus Infections: A Critical Analysis and Recollection of a Forgotten Therapeutic Regimen with Interferon Beta (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7366041/)

Interferons (Alfa, Beta)NIH August 27 (https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/immunomodulators/interferons/)

Benefits and risks of interferon therapy for hepatitis B (https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hep.22956)

Tocilizumab (Actemra®) in COVID-19 Treatment (https://www.assaygenie.com/tocilizumab-actemra-in-covid19)

Kevzara (Sarilumab), a New IL-6 Receptor Antagonist, Approved for Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (http://www.ahdbonline.com/issues/2018/april-2018-vol-11-ninth-annual-payers-guide/2546-kevzara-sarilumab-a-new-il-6-receptor-antagonist-approved-for-active-rheumatoid-arthritis)

Mechanism of Action Sylvant siltuximab (https://www.sylvant.com/hcp/mechanism-of-action.html)

IL-6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Serious COVID-19: A Promising Therapy? (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7292936/)

Interleukin-6 Blocking vs. JAK-STAT Inhibition for Prevention of Lung Injury in Patients with COVID-19 (https://clinowl.com/interleukin-6-blocking-vs-jak-stat-inhibition-for-prevention-of-lung-injury-in-patients-with-covid-19/)

Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID-19 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095882X20300372)

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment & Management (https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500114-treatment#d20)

Effectiveness of extracorporeal blood purification (hemoadsorption) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-020-02020-3#citeas)

Stem Cells Therapy as a Possible Therapeutic Option in Treating COVID-19 Patients (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7395577/)

Stem cell therapy for COVID‐19: Possibilities and challenges (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cbin.11440)

Dexamethasone nanomedicines for COVID-19(nature nanotechnology) (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-020-0752-z)

COVID-19: What Is Dexamethasone and How Does It Work? (https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53077879)

Dexamethasone- Properties, uses, side effects & COVID-19 microbe notes (https://microbenotes.com/dexamethasone/)

Treatment of ARDS With Prone Positioning. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6026253/)

Feasibility and physiological effects of prone positioning in non-intubated patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (PRON-COVID): a prospective cohort study (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30268-X/fulltext#articleInformation)

The Down Side of Prone Positioning: The Case of a COVID-19 Survivor (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7375183/)

Study shows anticoagulation therapy beneficial for COVID-19 patients (https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/126922/study-shows-anticoagulation-therapy-beneficial-for-covid-19-patients/)

Anticoagulation in COVID-19 (cardiovascular pharmacotherapy) (https://academic.oup.com/ehjcvp/article/6/4/260/5827239)

Perceived advantages and disadvantages of oral anticoagulants, and the trade-offs patients make in choosing anticoagulant therapy and adhering to their drug regimen (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738399118303197)

The prophylaxis and treatment potential of supplements for COVID-19 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299920306221)

The Major Harmful Side Effects of Drinking Bleach (https://www.healthline.com/health/drinking-bleach)

Miracle Mineral Supplement (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement)

Ultraviolet radiation (WHO) (https://www.who.int/uv/health/solaruvrad.pdf)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: Mythbusters (WHO) (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters)

UV Lights and Lamps: Ultraviolet-C Radiation, Disinfection, and Coronavirus (https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/uv-lights-and-lamps-ultraviolet-c-radiation-disinfection-and-coronavirus )

Colloidal Silver https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/colloidal-silver?fbclid=IwAR3UqQkkfRIbNP463MpZyfuc-KZlNueJfYsZcE1P-FcFhBAWE_Z3Hrn801k

Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104368/)

Chinese official says Fujifilm’s Favipiravir could treat Covid-19(https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/fujifilm-favipiravir-covid-19/)

Recombinant human ACE2: potential therapeutics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complication (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41401-020-0430-6)

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Recombinant Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Healthy Human Subjects(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40262-013-0072-7)

Quantitative efficacy paradigms of the influenza clinical drug candidate EIDD-2801 in the ferret model.( https://www.translationalres.com/article/S1931-5244(19)30256-7/fulltext)

Recommendations for Investigational COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/investigational-new-drug-ind-or-device-exemption-ide-process-cber/recommendations-investigational-covid-19-convalescent-plasma)

Monoclonal Antibodies for the Coronavirus (https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/04/27/monoclonal-antibodies-for-the-coronavirus)

Summary of advantages and disadvantages of current cell purification techniques (Summary of advantages and disadvantages of current cell purification techniques)

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19: a phase 1 clinical trial (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-020-00286-5#citeas)

Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 — Preliminary Report (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2021436#:~:text=The%20RECOVERY%20trial%20provides%20evidence,who%20did%20not%20require%20oxygen.)

Awake prone positioning for non-intubated oxygen dependent COVID-19 pneumonia patients. (https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/56/1/2001198)

Prone positioning in non-intubated patients with COVID-19: raising the bar (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30269-1/fulltext)

Anticoagulant Therapy For Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Urgent Need For Enhanced Awareness (https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/Anticoagulant-Therapy-Coronavirus-COVID19?fbclid=IwAR3HvgVWmCo3mHLJrDvXlZOzc9FIIbNS86ZnPRYlRHoLazLpn7T5yuZI060)

The hypercoagulable state in COVID-19: Incidence, pathophysiology, and management (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7305763/)

Anticoagulant medicines (https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anticoagulants/)

Disulfiram inhibits inflammatory gatekeeper protein—could it be helpful in COVID-19?

A Review on Remdesivir: A Possible Promising Agent for the Treatment of COVID-19 (https://www.dovepress.com/a-review-on-remdesivir-a-possible-promising-agent-for-the-treatment-of-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DDDT)

Favipiravir- properties, uses, mechanism, side effects, COVID-19 (Favipiravir- properties, uses, mechanism, side effects, COVID-19)

Prone Positioning. (https://relief.unboundmedicine.com/relief/view/CoRespond-Emerging-Topics/2425034/all/Prone_Positioning)

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Piece in the Puzzle of COVID-19 Treatment (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01563/full)

Cytokine Storm in COVID-19—Immunopathological Mechanisms, Clinical Considerations, and Therapeutic Approaches: The REPROGRAM Consortium Position Paper (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01648/full)

Novel Adjunctive Therapies for the Treatment of Tuberculosis (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Fig-3-Mechanism-of-action-of-corticosteroids-Corticosteroids-diffuse-across-the-cell_fig1_258631989 )

Passive antibody therapy in COVID-19 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-020-0365-7)

Battle against COVID-19: Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma as an emergency therapy (https://www.ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-6757(20)30465-4/fulltext)

Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 infection by recombinant soluble ACE2 (https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(20)30401-4/fulltext)

COVID-19: Pathogenesis, cytokine storm and therapeutic potential of interferons (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359610120300708)

The Role of Anticoagulation in COVID-19-Induced Hypercoagulability (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11886-020-01328-8)

Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512220303467)

The secret history of the first coronavirus https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2020/04/11/the-secret-history-of-the-first-coronavirus-229e/#654dc40471d6

Coronavirus History (https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-history?fbclid=IwAR0N0f6xoCUAtME_th2Koy4X_1-QdaW3gfmSXmZdiFpu7BE2a5-QuODPf54#:~:text=Scientists%20first%20identified%20a%20human,Seven%20coronaviruses%20can%20infect%20humans)

Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 (https://www.pnas.org/content/117/21/11727?fbclid=IwAR1eWWBpxTl-pZ4ovpcnyg06blO2JaXVs2N6_l7ihPPRrCATbFsP2jB0T1c#:~:text=To%20enter%20host%20cells%2C%20coronaviruses,1%20B%20and%20C)




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v23.1.2250

Refbacks



Copyright (c) 2020 ayman bin mannan, Halima Habib

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.