Colloidal chemistry is one of the leading fields of chemical science, covering the largest area of nature and human activity, from cosmic nebulae to the earth, to the vital nutrients of living nature, to the maintenance of human life-sustaining organ Systems, etc.

One of the leading parts of colloidal chemistry is electrokinetic phenomena, including parameters such as the sedimentation potential and the double electric layer of the colloidal particle and their relative influence on sedimentation processes. We chose silicon dioxide - the main constituent of natural silicates - as the main solid, dispersive phase for the main study of this master work.

The Zetasizer Nano ZEN 3690 was used to test the particle size distribution of silicon dioxide used in the experiment, which showed that the experimental silicon powder consisted of four fractions particle sizes are given in 90 ÷ 300 nm and 460 ÷ 710 nm.

The measurement accuracy of the experimental data was checked for all measurements, for digital millivolt-milliampere meters, with a potentiometer of the 0.05 accuracy class. It was found that the measurement accuracy of the measuring instruments was 99.9%, which is completely satisfactory for conducting a quality experiment. Mathematical formulas for 100% accuracy of their data are also developed for all measuring instruments.

Three systems were studied - "SiO₂ - distilled water", "SiO₂ - NaCl - distilled water" and "SiO₂ - KCl - distilled water". The amount of dispersion phase varied during the experiment - at intervals of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g per 100 ml of dispersion medium solution. Dispersion also changed the chemical composition of the experiments and the number of cations dissolved in the dispersion medium - Na⁺ and K⁺, while the anion type (Cl^-) did not change.

Finally, it was found that more than 80% of the results of the obtained experimental dependence j_sed = f (τ) are of a similar nature. The formula j_sed = f (τ) represents a relationship between the sediment volume fraction (j sed) and the shear stress (τ) in the context of sedimentation. In sedimentation, particles in a fluid tend to settle under the influence of gravity or other forces. The sediment volume fraction (j sed) is a measure of the proportion of a fluid's volume occupied by sediment particles. The function f(τ) indicates that the sediment volume fraction is dependent on the shear stress (τ) experienced by the fluid.

Typical sedimentation processes are divided into two parts - fast and slow coagulation areas. It has also been shown what kind of mathematical models can be used to describe these models with 99% accuracy in matching experimental data. This work belongs to a theoretical, fundamental science approach that integrates and deepens classical approaches to sedimentation potential.